Protocol for Managing Firefighting Personnel Who Have Suffered Intoxication from Inhaling Toxic Gases in a Structural Fire

Abstract

The risk and probability of suffering occupational diseases due to exposure to toxic gases in structural fires are highly dangerous for firefighters. This literature review implements a comprehensive management protocol based on the most current evidence. Various publications from 2019 onwards were reviewed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as recommendations from organizations such as NFPA, NIOSH, and IbnSinaWHO. The study identifies critical components for the protocol: systematic primary and secondary assessment, severity of exposure, implementation of biometric monitoring, treatment of intoxication with emphasis on chemical asphyxiants, respiratory irritants, pulmonary sensitizers, advanced oxygen therapy strategies, decontamination, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, psychosocial support, and longitudinal medical surveillance. The findings confirm that one-fourth of firefighter injuries occur due to exposure to combustion products. The establishment of standardized care protocols reduces serious complications from these injuries by up to sixty percent. The study highlights the need for a more integrated approach that goes beyond immediate medical attention to incorporate preventive measures and long-term follow-up, especially considering modern building materials that emit up to 300% more toxic gases than their older counterparts. The proposed protocol aims to optimize processes in an effort to decrease the incidence and mortality rates due to occupational exposure to toxic gases during structural fires.